From 56a72c35ef638ac8b825a0f0d4b69dc2de686770 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Julien Moutinho Date: Tue, 1 Aug 2017 21:40:10 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 1/1] init --- .gitignore | 11 + COPYING | 674 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ GNUmakefile | 59 ++++ HLint.hs | 8 + Hjugement.hs | 7 + Hjugement/HLint.hs | 1 + Hjugement/Majority.hs | 223 ++++++++++++++ README.md | 123 ++++++++ hjugement.cabal | 72 +++++ stack.yaml | 3 + test/HUnit.hs | 180 +++++++++++ test/Main.hs | 13 + test/QuickCheck.hs | 134 +++++++++ test/Types.hs | 27 ++ 14 files changed, 1535 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .gitignore create mode 100644 COPYING create mode 100644 GNUmakefile create mode 100644 HLint.hs create mode 100644 Hjugement.hs create mode 120000 Hjugement/HLint.hs create mode 100644 Hjugement/Majority.hs create mode 100644 README.md create mode 100644 hjugement.cabal create mode 100644 stack.yaml create mode 100644 test/HUnit.hs create mode 100644 test/Main.hs create mode 100644 test/QuickCheck.hs create mode 100644 test/Types.hs diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf52384 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +*.hi +*.html +*.o +.cabal-sandbox/ +.stack-work/ +bug/ +cabal.sandbox.config +dist/ +hlint.html +old/ +stats/ diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94a9ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/COPYING @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 3, 29 June 2007 + + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for +software and other kinds of works. + + The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed +to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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If not, see . + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + + If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short +notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Copyright (C) + This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands +might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". + + You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, +if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. +For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see +. + + The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program +into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you +may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with +the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General +Public License instead of this License. But first, please read +. diff --git a/GNUmakefile b/GNUmakefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01c8d50 --- /dev/null +++ b/GNUmakefile @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +CABAL := $(shell find . -name '*.cabal' -print -quit) +HS := $(shell find . -name '*.hs') + +all: build + +build: + stack $(STACK_FLAGS) build $(STACK_BUILD_FLAGS) + +.PHONY: test +test: + ! grep -q '^Test-Suite\>' $(CABAL) || \ + { stack $(STACK_FLAGS) test $(STACK_TEST_FLAGS); } + +clean: + stack $(STACK_FLAGS) clean $(STACK_CLEAN_FLAGS) +cleaner: + stack $(STACK_FLAGS) clean --full $(STACK_CLEAN_FLAGS) + +%/fast: override STACK_BUILD_FLAGS+=--fast +%/fast: override STACK_HADDOCK_FLAGS+=--fast +%/fast: override STACK_TEST_FLAGS+=--fast +%/fast: % + + +doc: + stack $(STACK_FLAGS) haddock $(STACK_HADDOCK_FLAGS) +%.html: %.md + markdown $*.md >$*.html +%.html/view: %.html + sensible-browser $*.html + +HLint.hs: $(HS) + sed -i -e '/^-- BEGIN: generated hints/,/^-- END: Generated by hlint/d' HLint.hs + echo '-- BEGIN: generated hints' >> HLint.hs + hlint --find . | grep '^'infix | sort -u >> HLint.hs + echo '-- END: generated hints' >> HLint.hs + +lint: HLint.hs $(HS) + if hlint --quiet --report=hlint.html -XNoCPP \ + $(shell cabal-cargs --format=ghc --only=default_extensions --sourcefile=$(CABAL)) $(HLINT_FLAGS) .; \ + then rm -f hlint.html; \ + else sensible-browser hlint.html & fi + +tag: + name=$$(sed -ne 's/^name: *\(.*\)/\1/p' "$(CABAL)"); \ + version=$$(sed -ne 's/^version: *\(.*\)/\1/p' "$(CABAL)"); \ + git tag --merged | grep -Fqx "$$name-$$version" || \ + git tag -f -s -m "$$name v$$version" $$name-$$version + +tar: + LANG=C stack $(STACK_FLAGS) sdist --sign +upload: + LANG=C stack $(STACK_FLAGS) upload . + +.PHONY: stats +stats: + gitstats . $@ +stats/view: stats + sensible-browser stats/index.html diff --git a/HLint.hs b/HLint.hs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..922f3b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/HLint.hs @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +import "hint" HLint.HLint +ignore "Move brackets to avoid $" +ignore "Reduce duplication" +ignore "Redundant $" +ignore "Use camelCase" +ignore "Use import/export shortcut" +-- BEGIN: generated hints +-- END: generated hints diff --git a/Hjugement.hs b/Hjugement.hs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2554468 --- /dev/null +++ b/Hjugement.hs @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +module Hjugement + ( module Hjugement.Majority + , IsList(..) + ) where + +import Hjugement.Majority +import GHC.Exts (IsList(..)) diff --git a/Hjugement/HLint.hs b/Hjugement/HLint.hs new file mode 120000 index 0000000..ab18269 --- /dev/null +++ b/Hjugement/HLint.hs @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../HLint.hs \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Hjugement/Majority.hs b/Hjugement/Majority.hs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ca1437 --- /dev/null +++ b/Hjugement/Majority.hs @@ -0,0 +1,223 @@ +{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-} +module Hjugement.Majority where + +import Data.Function (on) +import Data.List +import Data.Map.Strict (Map) +import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe) +import Data.Ord (Down(..)) +import Data.Semigroup (Semigroup(..)) +import Data.Set (Set) +import GHC.Exts (IsList(..)) +import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map +import qualified Data.Set as Set + +-- * Type 'Choices' +type Choices prop = Set prop + +-- | Return a set of 'Choices' by enumerating the alternatives of its type. Useful on sum types. +choices :: (Bounded prop , Enum prop , Ord prop) => Choices prop +choices = Set.fromList (enumFrom minBound) + +-- * Type 'Scale' +data Scale grade + = Scale + { scaleGrades :: Set grade + -- ^ How many 'grade's should be used? + -- A greater number of 'grade's permits a finer distinction but demands + -- a higher degree of expertise and discernment. + -- The optimal number is the highest number of 'grade's that constitutes a common language, + -- that is, that allows 'judge's to make absolute judgments. + -- Too little 'grade's may lead too often to ties. + -- + -- Note, however, that if the inputs or grades depend on the set of choices, + -- i.e. if judges change their grades when choices are added or dropped, + -- then the Arrow paradox cannot be avoided. + -- To avoid this the scale must be fixed and absolute + -- so that more or fewer choices does not change + -- the inputs or messages of other choices. + , scaleDefault :: grade + -- ^ For instance, when a 'judge' gives no 'grade' or has “no opinion”, + -- 'scaleDefault' could mean that the 'judge' chooses “To Reject” the choice: + -- the rationale being that a 'judge' having “no opinion” + -- concerning a choice has not even taken the time to evaluate it + -- and thus has implicitly rejected it. + } deriving (Eq, Show) + +-- | Return a 'Scale' by enumerating the alternatives of its type. Useful on sum types. +scale :: (Bounded grade, Enum grade, Ord grade) => Scale grade +scale = Scale { scaleGrades = Set.fromList (enumFrom minBound) + , scaleDefault = toEnum 0 + } + +-- | Return a 'Scale' from a list of 'grade's and a default 'grade'. +-- Useful with 'grade's whose type has no 'Ord' instance +-- or a different one than the one wanted. +scaleOfList :: Eq a => [a] -> a -> Scale Int +scaleOfList gs dg = Scale is di + where + is = fromList $ findIndices (const True) gs + di = fromMaybe (error "default grade not in the scale") $ dg`elemIndex`gs + +gradeOfScale :: [a] -> Int -> a +gradeOfScale = (!!) + +-- * Type 'Jury' +type Jury judge = Set judge + +-- | Return a 'Jury' by enumerating the alternatives of its type. Useful on sum types. +jury :: (Bounded judge , Enum judge , Ord judge) => Jury judge +jury = Set.fromList (enumFrom minBound) + +-- * Type 'Opinion' +-- | Profile of opinions of one single 'judge' about some 'prop'ositions. +type Opinion prop grade = Map prop grade + +-- | Construct the 'Opinion' of a 'judge' about some 'prop'ositions implicit from their type. +opinion :: (Enum prop, Bounded prop, Ord prop) => + judge -> [grade] -> + (judge, Opinion prop grade) +opinion j gs = (j, Map.fromList (zip (enumFrom minBound) gs)) + +-- ** Type 'Opinions' +-- | Profile of opinions of some 'judge's about some 'prop'ositions. +newtype Opinions prop grade judge = Opinions (Map judge (Opinion prop grade)) + deriving (Eq, Show) +instance (Ord judge, Show judge) => IsList (Opinions prop grade judge) where + type Item (Opinions prop grade judge) = (judge, Opinion prop grade) + fromList = Opinions . Map.fromListWithKey + (\k _x _y -> error $ "duplicate opinion for judge: " <> show k) + toList (Opinions os) = toList os + +-- * Type 'Merit' +-- | Profile of merits about a choice. +newtype Merit grade = Merit (Map grade Count) + deriving (Eq, Show) +type Count = Int + +instance Ord grade => Semigroup (Merit grade) where + Merit x <> Merit y = Merit (Map.unionWith (+) x y) +instance Ord grade => Ord (Merit grade) where + compare = compare `on` majorityValue +instance (Ord grade, Show grade) => IsList (Merit grade) where + type Item (Merit grade) = (grade, Count) + fromList = Merit . Map.fromListWithKey + (\g _x _y -> error $ "duplicate grade in merit: " <> show g) + toList (Merit cs) = toList cs + +-- | @merit grad@ returns the 'Merit' +-- of a single 'choice' by some 'judge's. +merit :: (Ord grade, Ord prop) => + Scale grade -> prop -> Opinions prop grade judge -> + Merit grade +merit scal prop (Opinions os) = foldr insertOpinion defaultMerit os + where + insertOpinion op (Merit m) = Merit (Map.insertWith (+) g 1 m) + where g = Map.findWithDefault (scaleDefault scal) prop op + defaultMerit = Merit (const 0 `Map.fromSet` scaleGrades scal) + +-- ** Type 'Merits' +-- | Profile of merits about some choices. +newtype Merits prop grade = Merits (Map prop (Merit grade)) + deriving (Eq, Show) +instance (Ord grade, Ord prop) => Semigroup (Merits prop grade) where + Merits x <> Merits y = Merits (Map.unionWith (<>) x y) +instance (Ord prop, Show prop) => IsList (Merits prop grade) where + type Item (Merits prop grade) = (prop, Merit grade) + fromList = Merits . Map.fromListWithKey + (\p _x _y -> error $ "duplicate choice in merits: " <> show p) + toList (Merits cs) = toList cs + +-- | @merit scal props opins@ returns the 'Merits' +-- of the 'Choices' 'props' +-- as judged by the 'Opinions' 'opins' +-- on the 'Scale' 'scal'. +merits :: (Ord grade, Ord prop) => + Scale grade -> Choices prop -> Opinions prop grade judge -> + Merits prop grade +merits scal props (Opinions os) = foldr ((<>) . meritsFromOpinion) defaultMerits os + where + meritsFromOpinion = Merits . (Merit . (`Map.singleton` 1) <$>) . (<> defaultOpinion) + defaultOpinion = const (scaleDefault scal) `Map.fromSet` props + defaultMerits = Merits (const defaultMerit `Map.fromSet` props) + defaultMerit = Merit (const 0 `Map.fromSet` scaleGrades scal) + +-- * Type 'Value' +-- | A 'Value' is a compressed list of 'grade's, +-- where each 'grade' is associated with the 'Count' +-- by which it would be replicated in situ if decompressed. +newtype Value grade = Value [(grade,Count)] + deriving (Eq, Show) +-- | 'compare' lexicographically as if the 'Value's +-- were decompressed. +instance Ord grade => Ord (Value grade) where + Value []`compare`Value [] = EQ + Value []`compare`Value ys | all ((==0) . snd) ys = EQ + | otherwise = LT + Value xs`compare`Value [] | all ((==0) . snd) xs = EQ + | otherwise = GT + sx@(Value ((x,cx):xs)) `compare` sy@(Value ((y,cy):ys)) = + case cx`compare`cy of + _ | cx == 0 && cy == 0 -> Value xs`compare`Value ys + _ | cx <= 0 -> Value xs`compare`sy + _ | cy <= 0 -> sx`compare`Value ys + EQ -> x`compare`y <> Value xs`compare`Value ys + LT -> x`compare`y <> Value xs`compare`Value((y,cy-cx):ys) + GT -> x`compare`y <> Value((x,cx-cy):xs)`compare`Value ys + +-- | The 'majorityValue' is the list of the 'majorityGrade's +-- of a choice, each one replicated their associated 'Count' times, +-- from the most consensual to the least, +-- ie. by removing the 'grade' of the previous 'majorityGrade' +-- to compute the next. +majorityValue :: Ord grade => Merit grade -> Value grade +majorityValue (Merit m) = Value (go m) + where + go gs = case snd (Map.foldlWithKey untilMajGrade (0,[]) gs) of + [] -> [] + gw@(g,_):_ -> gw:go (Map.delete g gs) + where + tot = sum gs + untilMajGrade (t,[]) g c | 2*tc >= tot = (tc,[(g,c)]) + | otherwise = (tc,[]) + where tc = t+c + untilMajGrade acc _g _c = acc + +-- | The 'majorityGrade' is the lower middlemost +-- (also known as median by experts) of the 'grade's +-- given to a choice by the 'judge's. +-- +-- It is the highest 'grade' approved by an absolute majority of the 'judge's: +-- more than 50% of the 'judge's give the choice at least a 'grade' of 'majorityGrade', +-- but every 'grade' lower than 'majorityGrade' is rejected by an absolute majority +-- Thus the 'majorityGrade' of a choice +-- is the final 'grade' wished by the majority. +-- +-- The 'majorityGrade' is necessarily a word that belongs to 'grades', +-- and it has an absolute meaning. +-- +-- When the number of 'judge's is even, there is a middle-interval +-- (which can, of course, be reduced to a single 'grade' +-- if the two middle 'grade's are the same), +-- then the 'majorityGrade' is the lowest 'grade' of the middle-interval +-- (the “lower middlemost” when there are two in the middle), +-- which is the only one which respects consensus: +-- any other choice whose grades are all within this middle-interval, +-- has a 'majorityGrade' which is greater or equal to this lower middlemost. +majorityGrade :: Ord grade => Merit grade -> grade +majorityGrade m = fst (head gs) where Value gs = majorityValue m + +-- * Type 'Ranking' + +type Ranking prop = [prop] + +-- | The 'majorityRanking' ranks all the choices on the basis of their 'grade's. +-- +-- Choice A ranks higher than choice B in the 'majorityRanking' +-- if and only if A’s 'majorityValue' is lexicographically above B’s. +-- There can be no tie unless two choices have precisely the same 'majorityValue's. +majorityRanking :: Ord grade => Merits prop grade -> Ranking prop +majorityRanking = map fst . sortBy (compare `on` Down . snd) . majorityValueByChoice + +majorityValueByChoice :: Ord grade => Merits prop grade -> [(prop, Value grade)] +majorityValueByChoice (Merits ms) = Map.toAscList (majorityValue <$> ms) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bed6509 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +# Majority Judgment + +## Common language + +The Majority Judgment asks us to judge each choice in an absolute way +(i.e. such that the removal or addition of choices +does not change our evaluation of the other choices) +by giving them a grade (or level) on a common scale. + +This common scale contains as many grades as our supposed common expertise +is able to distinguish, in order to faithfully represent +the properties of the attribute it tries to measure. +Hence, a common scale should be crafted for each different attribute. +The inter-subjective meaning of each grade +being reinforced by the practice of judgments. + +### Examples + +Examples of common scales could be: +- [“No”, “No, but”, “Yes, but”, “Yes”] for adhesion, +- [“None”, “Not Enough”, “Enough”, “Much”, “Too Much”] for quantity, +- [“To Do”, “Prioritized”, “Blocking”, “Urgent”, “Too Urgent”] for priority, +- [“Useless”, “Interesting”, “Useful”, “Indispensable”, “Enslaving”] for utility, +- [“To Reject”, “Insufficient”, “Acceptable”, “Good”, “Very Good”, “Too Good”] for quality. + +## Judging one choice + +For each choice taken separately, +the initial common scale (whose grades are all of equal length 1) +is dilated such that the length of each grade is multiplied +by the number of individual judgments of this grade obtained by this choice. +Like this, the only level which is defended by an absolute majority +begining from one side of the scale, +without being rejected by an absolute majority +beginning from the other side of the scale, +is the one which spans over the middle of this dilated scale. +This is the most consensual majority grade for this choice. + +If the number of individual judgments is small and even, +there is however a probability that two different grades +border the middle of this dilated scale, +but only the lower grade rewards consensus, +and thus is considered to be the most consensual. +Indeed, if any other choice obtains less scattered judgments +all enclosed to this two grades, +it will obtain a most consensual majoritary grade +greater or egal to the one of this choice. +Which would not necessarily be the case with the greater grade. + +## Ranking many choices + +To sort many choices means being able to compare them two-by-two, +which is done according to their most consensual majority grade. +In case of equality, the minimum individual judgments of this grade +are removed from both dilated scales so that one of them has no longer any, +then the comparison goes on with the new most consensual majority grades. +Like this, either a choice is judged higher than the other, +by the geatest number of judgments which differenciate them according +to a most consensual majoritary grade, +or both choices precisely have the same distribution of individual judgments. + +One can see that the farest an individual judgment is +from the most consensual majoritary grade, +the less impact it has on the result. +This rewards honest individual judgments, +by ignoring as near as may be the most cranky or strategic judgements. + +## Properties + +The Majority Judgment is: + +- allowing anonymity: + interchanging the names of judges does not change the outcome: + all judges are given an equal power. + +- neutral: + interchanging the names of choices does not change the outcome: + all choices are treated equally. + +- complete: + every choice is either superior or inferior + to any other choice, or both when equal. + Hence the Majority Judgement is not subject + to Condorcet's paradox. + +- monotone: + if a choice is superior or egal to another one, + and a judge increases its grade for it, + it becomes strictly superior. + +- transitive: + if a first choice is superior to a second one, + and this second one is superior to a third, + then the first is superior to the third). + +- coherent: + it is independent of irrelevant alternatives as formulated by Nash-Chernoff: + removal or addition of choices does not change + the judges’ evaluations of the other choices. + Hence the Majority Judgement is not subject + to Arrow's paradox. + +- strategy-proof-in-grading: + judging a choice higher or lower + than our intimate judgement has the opposite impact + on its most consensual majority grade. + +- partially strategy-proof-in-ranking: + increasing (resp. decreasing) the rank of a choice with respect to another choice, + can not decrease (resp. increase) the rank of this other choice. + +- not Condorcet-consistent except when the electorate is “polarized” + (when the higher (resp. the lower) a judge evaluates one choice the lower (resp. the higher) + she/he evaluates the other, so there can be no consensus) + hence when judges are most tempted to manipulate. + +- not excluding the no-show paradox (when it is better for a judge not to judge + than to express her/his opinion sincerely because her/his vote + can tip the scales against his favorite choice). + + This property is judged insignificant, by Michel Balinski and Rida Laraki, + when compared with the serious problems of methods of election, + the Arrow and Condorcet paradoxes and strategic manipulation. diff --git a/hjugement.cabal b/hjugement.cabal new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30dee27 --- /dev/null +++ b/hjugement.cabal @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +author: Julien Moutinho +build-type: Simple +cabal-version: >= 1.18 +category: Language +description: + A library for the . + . + The Majority Judgment is + to be “superior to any known method of voting + and to any known method of judging competitions, + in theory and in practice”. + . + For introductory explanations, you can read: + the README.md (en) and/or + Marjolaine Leray's comic: (fr) + . + Or watch: Rida Laraki's conference: (fr) + . + For comprehensive studies, you can read Michel Balinski and Rida Laraki's: + . + * textbook: (en) + * cahier: (en) + * paper: (en) + * article: (fr) +extra-source-files: +extra-doc-files: README.md +extra-tmp-files: +license: GPL-3 +license-file: COPYING +maintainer: Julien Moutinho +name: hjugement +stability: experimental +synopsis: Majority Judgment. +tested-with: GHC==8.0.2 +version: 1.0.0.20170804 + +Source-Repository head + location: git://git.autogeree.net/hjugement + type: git + +Library + exposed-modules: + Hjugement + Hjugement.Majority + default-language: Haskell2010 + default-extensions: + ghc-options: -Wall -fno-warn-tabs + build-depends: + base >= 4.6 && < 5 + , containers > 0.5 + +Test-Suite hjugement-test + type: exitcode-stdio-1.0 + default-language: Haskell2010 + default-extensions: + ghc-options: -Wall -fno-warn-tabs + hs-source-dirs: test + main-is: Main.hs + other-modules: + HUnit + QuickCheck + Types + build-depends: + base >= 4.6 && < 5 + , containers >= 0.5 && < 0.6 + , hjugement + , QuickCheck >= 2.0 + , tasty >= 0.11 + , tasty-hunit + , tasty-quickcheck + , text + , transformers >= 0.4 && < 0.6 diff --git a/stack.yaml b/stack.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81548cb --- /dev/null +++ b/stack.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +resolver: nightly-2017-02-03 +packages: +- '.' diff --git a/test/HUnit.hs b/test/HUnit.hs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6f592c --- /dev/null +++ b/test/HUnit.hs @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedLists #-} +{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-orphans #-} +module HUnit where + +import Test.Tasty +import Test.Tasty.HUnit + +import Control.Arrow (second) +import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map + +import Hjugement +import Types + +hunits :: TestTree +hunits = + testGroup "HUnit" + [ testGroup "Value" $ + [ testCompareValue + [(3,15), (2,7), (1,3), (0::Int,2)] + [(3,16), (2,6), (1,2), (0,3)] + , testGroup "OfMerits" + [ let m = mkMerit ['A'..'F'] in + testValueOfMerits + [ (The, m [136,307,251,148,84,74]) + ] + [ (The, [('C',251),('B',307),('D',148),('E',84),('A',136),('F',74)]) + ] + , let m = mkMerit [ToReject .. TooGood] in + testValueOfMerits + [ (This, m [12,10,21,5,5,5,2]) + , (That, m [12,16,22,3,3,3,1]) + ] + [ (This, [(Acceptable,21),(Insufficient,10),(Good,5),(ToReject,12),(Perfect,5),(VeryGood,5),(TooGood,2)]) + , (That, [(Acceptable,22),(Insufficient,16),(ToReject,12),(VeryGood,3),(Perfect,3),(Good,3),(TooGood,1)]) + ] + ] + , testGroup "OfOpinions" + [ testValueOfOpinions [No,Yes] + [The] + [ [No ] + , [No ] + , [No ] + , [No ] + , [Yes] + , [Yes] + ] + [ (The, [(No,4),(Yes,2)]) + ] + , testValueOfOpinions [No,Yes] + [The] + [ [No ] + , [No ] + , [No ] + , [Yes] + , [Yes] + , [Yes] + ] + [ (The, [(No,3),(Yes,3)]) + ] + , testValueOfOpinions [No,Yes] + [This, That] + [ [No , No ] + , [No , Yes] + , [No , Yes] + , [No , Yes] + , [Yes , Yes] + , [Yes , Yes] + ] + [ (This, [(No,4),(Yes,2)]) + , (That, [(Yes,5),(No,1)]) + ] + , testValueOfOpinions [No,Yes] + [This, That] + [ [No , No ] + , [No , No ] + , [No , No ] + , [No , Yes] + , [No , Yes] + , [No , Yes] + ] + [ (This, [(No,6),(Yes,0)]) + , (That, [(No,3),(Yes,3)]) + ] + , testValueOfOpinions [No,Yes] + [This, That] + [ [Yes , No ] + , [Yes , No ] + , [Yes , No ] + , [Yes , Yes] + , [Yes , Yes] + , [Yes , Yes] + ] + [ (This, [(Yes,6),(No,0)]) + , (That, [(No,3),(Yes,3)]) + ] + , testValueOfOpinions [No,Yes] + [This, That] + [ [No , No ] + , [No , No ] + , [Yes , No ] + , [Yes , Yes] + , [Yes , Yes] + , [Yes , Yes] + ] + [ (This, [(Yes,4),(No,2)]) + , (That, [(No,3),(Yes,3)]) + ] + , testValueOfOpinions [ToReject,Insufficient,Acceptable,Good,VeryGood,Perfect] + [1::Int ..6] + [ [Perfect,Perfect,Acceptable,VeryGood,Good,VeryGood] + , [Perfect,VeryGood,Perfect,Good,Acceptable,Acceptable] + , [VeryGood,VeryGood,Good,Acceptable,VeryGood,Insufficient] + , [Perfect,VeryGood,VeryGood,Good,Good,Acceptable] + , [Perfect,Good,VeryGood,Good,Good,Acceptable] + , [Perfect,VeryGood,Perfect,Good,Good,Good] + ] + [ (1, [(Perfect,5),(VeryGood,1),(ToReject,0),(Insufficient,0),(Acceptable,0),(Good,0)]) + , (2, [(VeryGood,4),(Good,1),(Perfect,1),(ToReject,0),(Insufficient,0),(Acceptable,0)]) + , (3, [(VeryGood,2),(Good,1),(Perfect,2),(Acceptable,1),(ToReject,0),(Insufficient,0)]) + , (4, [(Good,4),(Acceptable,1),(VeryGood,1),(ToReject,0),(Insufficient,0),(Perfect,0)]) + , (5, [(Good,4),(Acceptable,1),(VeryGood,1),(ToReject,0),(Insufficient,0),(Perfect,0)]) + , (6, [(Acceptable,3),(Good,1),(Insufficient,1),(VeryGood,1),(ToReject,0),(Perfect,0)]) + ] + ] + ] + ] + + +elide :: String -> String +elide s | length s > 42 = take 42 s ++ ['…'] + | otherwise = s + +mkOpinion :: Ord prop => + Choices prop -> judge -> [grade] -> + (judge, Opinion prop grade) +mkOpinion props j gs = (j, Map.fromList $ toList props `zip` gs) + +mkMerit :: (Ord grade, Show grade) => [grade] -> [Count] -> Merit grade +mkMerit scal = fromList . (scal`zip`) + +mkMerits :: (Ord prop, Ord grade) => + [grade] -> Choices prop -> [[grade]] -> + Merits prop grade +mkMerits scal props opins = + merits (Scale (fromList scal) (head scal)) props $ fromList $ + zipWith (mkOpinion props) [1::Int ..] opins + + +testCompareValue :: (Ord grade, Show grade) => + [(grade, Count)] -> [(grade, Count)] -> TestTree +testCompareValue x y = + testGroup (elide $ show (x,y)) + [ testCase "x == x" $ Value x`compare`Value x @?= EQ + , testCase "y == y" $ Value y`compare`Value y @?= EQ + , testCase "x < y" $ Value x`compare`Value y @?= LT + , testCase "y > x" $ Value y`compare`Value x @?= GT + ] + +testRanking :: (Ord prop, Ord grade, Show grade, Show prop) => + [grade] -> Choices prop -> [[grade]] -> + Ranking prop -> TestTree +testRanking scal props opins expect = + testCase (elide $ show (toList props,opins)) $ + majorityRanking (mkMerits scal props opins) @?= expect + +testValueOfOpinions :: (Show grade, Show prop, Ord grade, Ord prop) => + [grade] -> Choices prop -> [[grade]] -> + [(prop, [(grade,Count)])] -> TestTree +testValueOfOpinions scal props opins expect = + testCase (elide $ show (toList props,opins)) $ + majorityValueByChoice (mkMerits scal props opins) + @?= ((Value`second`)<$>expect) + +testValueOfMerits :: (Show grade, Show prop, Ord grade, Ord prop) => + Merits prop grade -> + [(prop, [(grade,Count)])] -> TestTree +testValueOfMerits ms expect = + testCase (elide $ show ms) $ + majorityValueByChoice ms + @?= ((Value`second`)<$>expect) diff --git a/test/Main.hs b/test/Main.hs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76ca3b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/Main.hs @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +module Main where + +import Test.Tasty +import QuickCheck +import HUnit + +main :: IO () +main = + defaultMain $ + testGroup "Hjugement" + [ hunits + , quickchecks + ] diff --git a/test/QuickCheck.hs b/test/QuickCheck.hs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..952d06a --- /dev/null +++ b/test/QuickCheck.hs @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-} +{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-} +{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-orphans #-} +module QuickCheck where + +import Test.QuickCheck +import Test.Tasty +import Test.Tasty.QuickCheck + +import Control.Monad (replicateM) +import qualified Data.Set as Set + +import Hjugement +import Types + +quickchecks :: TestTree +quickchecks = + testGroup "QuickCheck" + [ testProperty "arbitraryJudgments" $ \(SameLength (x::[(G6,Count)],y)) -> + let (gx, cx) = unzip x in + let (gy, cy) = unzip y in + gx == gy && sum cx == sum cy + , testGroup "Value" + [ testProperty "compare" $ \(SameLength (x::Value G6,y)) -> + expandValue x`compare` expandValue y == x`compare`y + ] + {- + , testProperty "majorityGauge and majorityValue consistency" $ + \(SameLength (x@(Merit xs)::Merit G6,y@(Merit ys))) -> + not (all (==0) xs || all (==0) ys) ==> + case majorityGauge x`compare`majorityGauge y of + LT -> majorityValue x < majorityValue y + GT -> majorityValue x > majorityValue y + EQ -> True + -} + ] + +-- | Decompress a 'Value'. +expandValue :: Value a -> [a] +expandValue (Value []) = [] +expandValue (Value ((x,c):xs)) = replicate c x ++ expandValue (Value xs) + +-- | @arbitraryJudgments n@ arbitrarily generates 'n' lists of pairs of grade and 'Count' +-- for the same arbitrary grades, +-- and with the same total 'Count' of individual judgments. +arbitraryJudgments :: forall g. (Bounded g, Enum g) => Int -> Gen [[(g, Count)]] +arbitraryJudgments n = sized $ \s -> do + minG <- choose (fromEnum(minBound::g), fromEnum(maxBound::g)) + maxG <- choose (minG, fromEnum(maxBound::g)) + let gs::[g] = toEnum minG`enumFromTo`toEnum maxG + let lg = maxG - minG + 1 + replicateM n $ do + cs <- resize s $ arbitrarySizedNaturalSum lg + cs' <- arbitraryPad (lg - length cs) (return 0) cs + return $ zip gs cs' + +-- | @arbitrarySizedNaturalSum maxLen@ +-- arbitrarily chooses a list of 'length' at most 'maxLen', +-- containing 'Int's summing up to 'sized'. +arbitrarySizedNaturalSum :: Int -> Gen [Int] +arbitrarySizedNaturalSum maxLen = sized (go maxLen) + where + go :: Int -> Int -> Gen [Int] + go len tot | len <= 0 = return [] + | len == 1 = return [tot] + | tot <= 0 = return [tot] + go len tot = do + d <- choose (0, tot) + (d:) <$> go (len-1) (tot - d) + +-- | @arbitraryPad n pad xs@ +-- arbitrarily grows list 'xs' with 'pad' elements +-- up to length 'n'. +arbitraryPad :: Int -> Gen a -> [a] -> Gen [a] +arbitraryPad n pad [] = replicateM n pad +arbitraryPad n pad xs = do + (r, xs') <- go n xs + if r > 0 + then arbitraryPad r pad xs' + else return xs' + where + go r xs' | r <= 0 = return (0,xs') + go r [] = arbitrary >>= \b -> + if b then pad >>= \p -> ((p:)<$>) <$> go (r-1) [] + else return (r,[]) + go r (x:xs') = arbitrary >>= \b -> + if b then pad >>= \p -> (([p,x]++)<$>) <$> go (r-1) xs' + else ((x:)<$>) <$> go r xs' + +-- | Like 'nub', but O(n * log n). +nubList :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] +nubList = go Set.empty where + go _ [] = [] + go s (x:xs) | x`Set.member`s = go s xs + | otherwise = x:go (Set.insert x s) xs + +instance Arbitrary G6 where + arbitrary = arbitraryBoundedEnum +instance (Arbitrary g, Bounded g, Enum g, Ord g, Show g) => Arbitrary (Merit g) where + arbitrary = fromList . head <$> arbitraryJudgments 1 + shrink (Merit m) = Merit <$> shrink m +instance + ( Arbitrary p, Bounded p, Enum p, Ord p, Show p + , Arbitrary g, Bounded g, Enum g, Ord g, Show g + ) => Arbitrary (Merits p g) where + arbitrary = do + minP <- choose (fromEnum(minBound::p), fromEnum(maxBound::p)) + maxP <- choose (minP, fromEnum(maxBound::p)) + let ps = toEnum minP`enumFromTo`toEnum maxP + let ms = (fromList <$>) <$> arbitraryJudgments (maxP - minP + 1) + fromList . zip ps <$> ms +instance (Bounded g, Eq g, Integral g, Arbitrary g) => Arbitrary (Value g) where + arbitrary = head . (Value <$>) <$> arbitraryJudgments 1 + shrink (Value vs) = Value <$> shrink vs + +-- * Type 'SameLength' +newtype SameLength a = SameLength a + deriving (Eq, Show) +instance Functor SameLength where + fmap f (SameLength x) = SameLength (f x) +instance (Arbitrary g, Bounded g, Enum g) => Arbitrary (SameLength (Value g, Value g)) where + arbitrary = do + SameLength (x,y) <- arbitrary + return $ SameLength (Value x, Value y) +instance (Arbitrary g, Bounded g, Enum g, Ord g, Show g) => Arbitrary (SameLength (Merit g, Merit g)) where + arbitrary = do + SameLength (x,y) <- arbitrary + return $ SameLength (fromList x, fromList y) +instance (Arbitrary g, Bounded g, Enum g) => Arbitrary (SameLength ([(g,Count)], [(g,Count)])) where + arbitrary = do + vs <- arbitraryJudgments 2 + case vs of + [x,y] -> return $ SameLength (x,y) + _ -> undefined diff --git a/test/Types.hs b/test/Types.hs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f74f665 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/Types.hs @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +module Types where + +data G2 = No | Yes + deriving (Eq, Ord, Show) + +data P1 = The + deriving (Eq, Ord, Show) + +data P2 = This | That + deriving (Eq, Ord, Show) + +data G6 = ToReject | Insufficient | Acceptable | Good | VeryGood | Perfect | TooGood + deriving (Bounded, Enum, Eq, Ord, Show) + +-- | Note that the grades 1, 2, 4, and 12 are absent. +data DanishSchoolGrade + = D0 -- ^ the completely unacceptable performance + | D3 -- ^ the very hesitant, very insufficient, and unsatisfactory performance + | D5 -- ^ the hesitant and not satisfactory performance + | D6 -- ^ the just acceptable performance + | D7 -- ^ the mediocre performance, slightly below average + | D8 -- ^ the average performance + | D9 -- ^ the good performance, a little above average + | D10 -- ^ the excellent but not particularly independent performance + | D11 -- ^ the independent and excellent performance + | D13 -- ^ the exceptionally independent and excellent performance + deriving (Bounded, Enum, Eq, Ord, Show) -- 2.44.1